Motor Pulley is mounted on Motor shaft with the help of a grub screw. The pulley acts as a bridge for transferring the motors rotary motion to the belts. The motor pulley comes under high stresses and sometimes may get displaced. The displacement of the pulley will cause layer shifting in some cases.
How to check if motor pulley is displaced in your machine.
1. Visually inspect the position of the pulley.
a. In above picture there is no clearance between pulley and the motor. Another thing you can observe is, since the pulley has slipped down the motor shaft on top is visible. There should be clearance between the motor and pulley as shown in picture below.
In the second picture you can see that there is gap between the pulley and motor.
The clearance between the motor and the pulley shaft should be 2mm. If you do not have a slip gauge to measure you can use the 2mm Allen key given in the accessory box as jig to measure the 2mm gap between motor and Pulley.
Incase the pulley has come down, take a flat head screw driver and gently push the pulley up. If the pulley does not moves, use the 1.5mm Allen key given in the accessory box and loosen the grub screws by a turn and push the pulley up. Retighten the screws once the pulley is back in its position.
2. Try to push the pulley with your finger and check if it has play.
Note: You can also check for damaged teeth in pulley
Check for indirect signs of motor pulley displacement like
a. Wear in belt: The displacement of pulley causes damage to belt in some cases. So you can take chaffing or damage on belt as signs of Pulley issue.
b. Powdery residue near motor: Displacement of pulley results in belt rubbing to pulley edges and the the belt rubber will get accumulated near pulley.
This guide can be used for Julia Advance, Extended, Intermediate and Plus machines. Pro and Volterra machines also get same issue but mounting position of motors is bit different.